Transitional National Government Of Somalia
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The Transitional National Government (TNG) was the internationally recognized central government of
Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...
from 2000 to 2004.


Overview

The TNG was established in April–May 2000 at the Somalia National Peace Conference held in Arta,
Djibouti Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...
. It was militarily and politically opposed by the
Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council The Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC) was a political movement and paramilitary organization based in southern Somalia. It was founded in 2001 by Hussein Mohamed Farrah Aidid, son of the late faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid ...
, which was formed by faction leaders including
Hussein Mohamed Farrah Aidid Hussein Mohamed Farrah Aidid ( so, Xuseen Maxamed Faarax Caydiid, ar, حسين محمد فارح عيديد) (born August 16, 1962) is the son of General Mohamed Farrah Aidid. His father was leader of the Somali National Alliance (SNA), the o ...
and
Mohamed Dhere Mohamed Omar Habeb ( so, Maxamed Cumar Xabeeb), commonly known as Mohamed Dheere or Mohamed Dhere (died November 15, 2012), was a Somali faction leader based out of the city of Jowhar. He hailed from the Abgaal subclan of Hawiye. He also had sig ...
. In principle, the Transitional National Charter, which gave rise to the TNG, recognized de facto regional autonomy and the existence of new entities in the north of the former Somalia, home to relatively homogenous clans. In some parts of Somalia, however, decentralization meant state authority disintegrated. According to Le Sage, the TNG in 2002 had all of the organs of a national government, including executive and judicial structures as well as a parliament, a police force and standing army. However, its institutions remained very weak on account of a dearth of basic office equipment, lack of territorial control, and inability to raise tax revenue. Due to these limitations, the TNG was unable to provide basic social services. Ministers and legislators also often expressed frustration at being shut out of the real decision-making process, and of often receiving irregular and limited salaries. As such, Le Sage argues that the public officials served more as symbols of the potential for a broad-based, national government. The TNG's internal problems led to the replacement of the prime minister four times in three years, and the administrative body's reported bankruptcy in December 2003. Its mandate ended at the same time. On October 10, 2004, legislators elected
Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed ( so, Cabdulaahi Yuusuf Axmed, ar, عبدالله يوسف أحمد‎; 15 December 1934 – 23 March 2012) was a Somali politician and former colonel in the Somali National Army. He was one of the founders of the Somali ...
as the first president of the
transitional federal government The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) ( so, Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka, ar, الحكومة الاتحادية الانتقالية) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Republic of Somalia from 14 October ...
(TFG), the TNG's successor.Somali PM optimistic about rebuilding country
/ref> He received 189 votes from the TFG Parliament, while the closest contender, erstwhile Somali ambassador to Washington
Abdullahi Ahmed Addou Abdullahi Ahmed Addow ( so, Cabdilaahi Axmed Caddoow, ar, عبد الله أحمد أدو) is a Somali politician and diplomat. Early life Addow was born on 15 May 1936 in Brava, situated in the southeastern Lower Shabelle region of Somalia. ...
, got 79 votes in the third round of voting. The then incumbent President of Somalia, TNG leader
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Presiden ...
, peacefully withdrew his candidature.Somalia MPs elect new president
/ref>
/ref>


History


2000

* Somalia National Peace Conference (SNPC) or Djibouti Conference, held in Arta, Djibouti, on April 20 - May 5, 2000.
Program, hosted at Banadir.com
The name Transitional National Government (TNG) was selected for the initiative at this time. * Election of
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Presiden ...
as President by clan representatives


2001

* National Commission for Reconciliation and Property Settlement


2002

* 2002 Somali Reconciliation Conference held in
Eldoret Eldoret is a principal town in the Rift Valley region of Kenya and serves as the capital of Uasin Gishu County. The town was referred to by white settlers as Farm 64, 64 and colloquially by locals as 'Sisibo'. As per the 2019 Kenya Population ...
,
Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...
SOMALIA: Interview with Barre Adan Shire, chairman of the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA)
IRIN
* Appointment of General
Ismail Qasim Naji General Ismail Qasim Naji ( so, Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji, ar, إسماعيل قاسم ناجي) was the chief of staff of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and currently the Somali ambassador in Oman. He has served as a senior o ...
as the leader of the army in January 2002. The army in March 2002 numbered 2,010 men and 90 women. *Mutinies in early 2002.Somalia: Countering Terrorism in a Failed State, ICG Africa Report N°45, 23 May 2002, p.6


Leaders and members

*
Abdiqasim Salad Hassan Abdiqasim Salad Hassan ( so, Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan; ar, عبد القاسم سلطة حسن; born on January 1, 1941) or Abdiqasim Salad is a Somali politician. He helped found the Transitional National Government which he served as Presiden ...
– President * Gen.
Ismail Qasim Naji General Ismail Qasim Naji ( so, Ismaaciil Qaasim Naaji, ar, إسماعيل قاسم ناجي) was the chief of staff of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and currently the Somali ambassador in Oman. He has served as a senior o ...
– Army commander (
Somali Armed Forces The Somali Armed Forces are the military forces of the Federal Republic of Somalia. Headed by the president as commander-in-chief, they are constitutionally mandated to ensure the nation's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. Ch ...
) *
Ali Khalif Galaydh Ali Khalif Galaydh ( so, Cali Khalif Galaydh, ar, علي خليف غلير) (15 October 1941 – 8 October 2020) was a Somali politician. He was the Prime Minister of the transitional Somalia administration from 8 October 2000 to 28 October 2001. ...
– 1st Prime Minister, October 8, 2000 – October 28, 2001 *
Osman Jama Ali Osman Jama Ali ( so, Cusmaan Jaamac Cali alluun}, ar, عثمان جامع علي ) (born 1941) is a Somali politician. He was Deputy Prime Minister of the Transitional National Government of Somalia and briefly served as the Prime Minister from ...
– 2nd Prime Minister, briefly held post October 28–November 12, 2002 *
Hassan Abshir Farah Hassan Abshir Farah ( so, Xasan Abshir Faarax, ar, حسن ابشير فرح; June 20, 1945 – July 12, 2020) was a Somali politician. He previously served as mayor of Mogadishu and interior minister of Puntland. From November 12, 2001 to Novem ...
– 3rd Prime Minister, 12 November 2002–December 8, 2003 * Mohamed Abdi Yusuf – 4th Prime Minister, December 31, 2003 – November 3, 2004 *
Ali Mahdi Muhammad Ali Mahdi Muhammad ( so, Cali Mahdi Maxamed, ar, علي مهدي محمد) (1 January 1939 – 10 March 2021) was a Somali entrepreneur and politician. He served as President of Somalia from 26 January 1991 to 3 January 1997. The Cairo Agreeme ...
– MP in the TNG * Rasack Yousuf – MP in the TNG * Abdirahman Omar – MP in the TNG *
Mahamed Saeed Mahamid ( fa, محاميد, also Romanized as Maḩāmīd; also known as Maḩāmed) is a village in Shahid Modarres Rural District, in the Central District of Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic R ...
– MP in the TNG


References

{{reflist, 2 Political history of Somalia 2000s in Somalia Factions in the Somali Civil War Provisional governments 2000 establishments in Somalia 2004 disestablishments in Somalia